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- Technical Manual (TM) 9-1025-215-10 Title: HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOSED 155-MM, M777 (1025-01-445-0991) HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED: 155-MM-M777A1 (1025-99-411-1447) (EIC: 3ET)/HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED: 155-MM, M777A2 (NSN 1025-99-463-7551) (EIC: 3EU) Login to submit a request for this manual.
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M777 Lightweight 155mm howitzer (LW155) - Program
Work on the gun began in the mid-1980s, but was briefly interrupted after the decision of the United States to adopt the British 105-mm lightweight gun L118 (in the United States designated as M119), as well as after signing a contract with the British firm BMY / RO on development of a prototype of 155-mm guns LTH-D. Only in the spring of 1987, when the United States again became interested in the tool of the VSEL company, did the latter return to the project, financing it independently until the creation of the prototype. In August 1987, it was decided to manufacture the first two howitzer guns, officially called LFH (short for Lightweight Field Howitzer, a very light field howitzer), and one sample was planned to be transferred for testing in the USA, and the second was to be tested in the UK (at VSEL). The manufacture of the first gun was completed in August 1989, the second at the end of 1989. Initially it was assumed that the cannon howitzer would be tested in US ground forces, but eventually the gun was transferred to the US Marine Corps, which took the opportunity guns instead of used towed artillery systems caliber 105 and 155 mm.
The American tests of the howitzer guns, launched in 1990 and carried out under the supervision of the Armament Research and Development Command, consisted of three stages: the first was at the Hume test site, where the gun successfully fired 437 shells with various missiles the second, on the bases of the Marine Corps at Camp Lewen and Little Creek in Virginia, where 2,130 shells were fired from the gun and tests were carried out on how to transport the howitzer cannon (together with the calculation of seven people) using a UH- helicopter 60L Black Hawk, Tre s - Aberdeen where UFH instrument passed test temperature (-25 to + 45 ° C), and towing (total-howitzer gun 622 kilometers traveled, including the fording depth of 1.5 m). After positive test results, Not only the United States was interested in the instrument, but also other states in Europe and Asia. In early 1991, one of the two samples of UFH howitzer guns were tested in Oman.
The Marine Corps Joint Program Manager and PEO-FAS, as the Army Executive Agent, structured a program to accomplish the Joint Development and Production of the LW155. The Program Manager planned a combined Milestone I/II (MS I/II) decision for January 1996. The program structure included an initial Shoot-off phase to evaluate existing lightweight howitzers. The Shoot-off phase determined the most promising candidate for meeting the technical requirements in order to down select to the Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD) phase; and subsequently into the release for production, via the use of ceiling price production options as part of the EMD contract. The program required a $10M FY99 Long Lead production option in order to assure the required Marine Corps IOC date (and to avoid an otherwise much higher production cost caused by an idle production line).
EMD testing was done at Yuma Proving Ground. The first two XM776 cannon tubes were delivered andbegan pre-fatigue testing, using the Shoot-off prototype LW155 as the test platform. The first full-bore chrome lined tube was delivered in mid-September 97 to begin cannon wear testing. Firing tables testing began in early 1998. The first complete EMD prototype LW155 was delivered in September 98.
The EMD cooperative agreement between US and UK is progressing. A draft Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) is being staffed. Under the MOU, UK is to provide financial and other support to the US LW155 EMD program, in return for having a UK engineer resident in the JPM office, access to test data and EMD tests, and attendance at various meetings. The UK has recently completed its light artillery study, which has identified the UFH as the towed weapon of choice. Pending approval of the study and requirements development, the UK could procure up to 92 LW155s beginning in FY03/04.
The US Army has committed to fully fund Research, Development, Tests & Evaluation (RDT&E) for the third generation of the LW155 Pre-planned Product Improvements (P3I) in FY00-03. The P3I consists of several improvements that will provide technical gunnery solution on the weapon, position location, directional control, inertial navigation, digital communication, muzzle velocity variation management, and on-board power supply. The Army has also committed to fund long-lead production requirements in FY03, setting the stage for procurement of 273 howitzers with full P3I beginning in FY04. Formal Army support of this Joint program is welcome news in the Marine Corps, which is fully funding RDT&E of the weapon itself. The USMC is currently in the POM process for procurement of the P3I suite as a field retrofit to their LW155s after FY03.
Kara Aerospace, optical fire control sub-contractor to Textron Marine and Land Systems, was in the progress of concept design for the LW155 fire control, in preparation for a 3 September 1997 concept design review. Seiler Instruments has made an unsolicited proposal to Textron to provide a modified M198 type sight for LW155. Various light source possibilities exist for this modified sight, including Tritium, battery powered LED, or an electric sight. Each has trade-offs among weight, size, durability, reliability, logistic support, and maturity. The lighting issue will be a major topic of discussion at the design review at Kara.
The LW155 contract called for delivery of Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs) on Compact Disk. This is intended to replace all manuals, with the operators manual and lubrication order to also be provided in printed copy. The IETM has a print capability to provide hard copy of all the data contained in the IETM. The information will be printed in a user friendly form; however, it will not be in the MIL-STD format. Options were pursued to ensure computer hardware is procured and available to read the IETMs. As an interim measure until readers became available, paper printouts of all IETMs were provided to the fleet. The position presented from Ft Sill and the Joint Program Management Office stipulated there must be a 'user friendly' printed procedure for preventive and corrective maintenance at the first and second echelon levels.
BAE Systems, a British company, was selected as the main contractor for the project. BAE subcontracted 70 percent of the howitzer's production to US companies. Kara Aerospace and Textron Marine and Land Systems are no longer involved in the project.
Program cost estimates increased by $156.2 million from February 2001 to April 2002. The project stood to cost a total of $1,365.2 million for the development and production of the howitzer. These costs include development of the towed artillery digitization (TAD). TAD is an onboard, precision, self-location and electronic aiming system.
As of April 2002, testing was ongoing. Several issues with the LW155 persisted, mostly related to durability of parts such as the optical fire control. The first pilot production guns were to be competed in July of 2002.
The weapon underwent a successful joint service operational test during October 2004 at Twentynine Palms, CA. During this four week test, nearly 12,000 artillery rounds were fired by four M777A1's. The system demonstrated excellent reliability, met or exceeded all of its operational requirements and a team of independent evaluators determined that the M777A1 was both operationally suitable and effective.
In April 2005 a joint-service program office at Picatinny completed development and is managing the purchase of 495 new lightweight 155mm howitzers for the Marine Corps and the Army. An $843 million four-year contract was awarded to BAE Systems, Barrow-in-Furness, UK, to manufacture the weapons and 94 digital fire control retrofit kits.
BAE Systems was manufacturing 94 howitzers under a low-rate initial production contract. The first 94 weapon systems will be equipped with an optical fire control system that will be upgraded to incorporate digital fire control under the full production contract. All 495 full-production units will be manufactured with digital fire control systems also known as towed artillery digitization or TAD. The 3rd Battalion, 11th Marine Regiment located at Twentynine Palms, Calif. will be the first unit fully equipped with the weapon.
The M777A1 replaced all of the Corps' current M198 towed howitzers, and was the artillery system for the Army's Stryker Brigade Combat Teams. The first ground combat system to make extensive use of titanium in its major structures to trim weight, the M777A1 is 7,000 pounds lighter than the weapon it replaces. The weight reduction improves transportability and mobility without impacting range or accuracy, and the system is compatible with the entire family of 155mm ammunition, Shields said. The new howitzer is transportable by the Marine Corps' MV-22 tilt-rotor aircraft and two can fit on the C-130.
BAE Systems facility in Hattiesburg, Miss. is assembling the howitzer. Approximately eighty percent of the howitzer's components are built in the US. BAE utilizes a supply chain that spreads across ten states, the UK, Canada and Italy. The Army's Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, NY manufactures the cannon assembly. As of 2007 there were 94 M777s being produced for the USMC. The Army had finalized fielding to the Army Field Artillery and Ordnance Schools. The Army finalized fielding to the SBCTs during the first quarter of FY07.
The M777A1 is capable of firing the Army's Excalibur precision-guided projectile that is also under development at Picatinny. Excalibur is fired out to a range of 40 kilometers from the M777E1 and because of its GPS and inertial navigation guidance, will deliver precision strike capability ( less than 10 meters CEP) at all ranges. Excalibur was scheduled to be fielded in late 2006 when the Army started taking delivery of their first M777A1's.
Excalibur is the most precise and longrange cannon artillery projectile achieving accuracies of less than 2m at ranges out to 40 km. Excalibur continues to meet or exceed all requirements for accuracy, effectiveness, reliability and range. It is currently used in support of combat operations. Excalibur is in full rate production and the Precision Guided Munitions New Equipment Training Team continues to train units on its operational employment.
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M777 Howitzer Technical Manual Pdf
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